Temperature measurements in the core of active optical. Glassclad optical fibers comprising a crystalline semiconductor core have. Brillouin scattering in optical fibres is a fundamental interaction between light and sound with important implications ranging from optical sensors to slow and fast light. Liquid photonics, where nonlinear optical liquids are used together with hollow core optical fibers to achieve a variety of advance photonic functions including ultralowpower raman generation, alloptical switching and brillouin lasing. Low brillouin scattering optical fibers and formation methods. An in depth investigation of brillouin scattering in optical fibers has been carried out in this thesis, and the theory of stimulated brillouin scattering sbs and combined brillouin gain and loss has been extended. We have developed a novel integrated platform for liquid photonics based on liquid core optical fiber lcof.
Brillouin opticalfiber time domain reflectometry shibaura. The characteristics of stimulated brillouin scattering sbs in a liquid core optical fiber lcof contained cs 2 with 10 ns pulses at 532 nm wavelength are investigated experimentally. A brillouin fiber laser using a highly nonlinear birefringent photonic crystal fiber is reported. Optical fiber sensors utilizing brillouin scattering rely on the principle that the brillouin frequency shift is a function of the local temperature or strain. Brillouin lasing in integrated liquidcore optical fibers. The process of stimulated brillouin scattering sbs was first observed by chiao et al. In usual optical fibres, light both excites and feels shear and longitudinal bulk. Apn0008 applications of fiber optic distributed strain. We report brillouin lasing in an integrated liquidcore optical fiber ilcof filled with neat cs 2. Integrated liquidcore optical fibers ultraefficient nonlinear liquid photonics article pdf available in optics express 207. According to the specification, the nominal corecladding. Stimulated brillouin scattering slow light in optical fibers avi zadok,1, avishay eyal,2 and moshe tur2 1school of engineering, barilan university, ramatgan 52900, israel 2school of electrical engineering, faculty of engineering, telaviv university, telaviv 69978, israel corresponding author.
Brillouin frequency shift dependence on water absorption. Integrated liquidcore optical fibers smf28lcof smf28smf28 low insertion loss brillouin scattering thresholds in optical fibers for lasers linewidth broadened with noise v. The linewidth of the single frequency liquidbased brillouin laser was estimated to be ultraefficient nonlinear liquid photonics article pdf available in optics express 207. Nov 26, 2010 a procedure for measuring the temperature in the core of an active fiber at a highpower optical pumping is described. The bfs decreases monotonically as the waterabsorption ratio increases, probably because of the decrease in the youngs. Enhancement of brillouin scattering signal in optical.
Temperature measurements in the core of active optical fibers. Theoretical investigation of stimulated brillouin scattering. Perspectives on stimulated brillouin scattering iopscience. Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated raman and brillouin scattering. The propagation of power through liquid crystal clad. The brillouin optical timedomain analysis botda method allows for strain measurements in the microstrain range, with a typical spatial resolution of 1 m and a maximum sensing range of 50 km. Liquid core optical fiber for nonlinear frequency generation osa. Alloptical flipflops based on dynamic brillouin gratings in fibers marcelo a. Oct 22, 2004 22 october 2004 the propagation of power through liquid crystal clad optical fibers. In optical fibers, brillouin scattering occurs essentially only in backward direction however, rather weak forward brillouin scattering is also possible due to effects of the acoustic wave.
Brillouin spectroscopy of yagderived optical fibers. An indepth investigation of brillouin scattering in optical fibers has been carried out in this thesis, and the theory of stimulated brillouin scattering sbs and combined brillouin gain and loss has been extended. Brillouin fiber laser utilizing nonlinear birefringent. For instance, the large and narrow band optical gain available through the brillouin interaction has enabled efficient fiberoptic based slow and fast light,14. Brillouin lasers in erbiumdoped glass fibers, hollowcore photonic. Light rays incident on the corecladding boundary at angles greater than the critical angle undergo total internal. A singlelongitudinalmode high power fiber laser was used as a brillouin pump and the laser produced multiwavelength output with a 0.
Stimulated brillouin scattering sbs 1,2 was considered for many years as an optical gain mechanism for lasers 3 and for nonlinear optics including phase conjugation 4 and slow light 5. Alloptical flipflops based on dynamic brillouin gratings. Stimulated brillouin scattering sbs is embedded today in a variety of optical systems, such as advanced highpower lasers, sensors, microwave signal processors, scientific instrumentation, and optomechanical systems. Hightemperature sensitivity in stimulated brillouin.
Forward brillouin scattering in hollowcore photonic bandgap. Optical fibers for highresolution in vivo microendoscopic. It is found that the addition of yttria and alumina both tend to raise the acoustic velocity when added to. Brillouin optical timedomain analysis for geotechnical. It is found that the addition of yttria and alumina both tend to raise the acoustic velocity when added to silica, with the change due to yttria being much weaker. This is the first observation of brillouin lasing in the liquid state of matter, to the best of our knowledge. More generally, such brillouin interactions are an important consideration in both the high and low optical intensity limits. The linewidth of the single frequency liquid based brillouin laser was estimated to be brillouin lasing in an integrated liquid core optical fiber filled with neat cs 2. Brillouin fiber laser using nonlinear birefringent photonic. These sensors leverage the huge economies of scale in optical telecommunications to provide high.
We present brillouin spectroscopy of yagderived optical fibers. Alternative implementation of simplified brillouin optical. It denotes the spectral details of the light amplification from strong pump wave to weak counterpropagating probestokes wave in sbs or those of the noiseinitialized scattered phonons in spbs. Pankaj kumar choudhury and toshihiko yoshino the propagation of power through liquid crystal clad optical fibers, proc. In the first part, we discuss the fundamentals of sbs. The propagation of power through liquid crystal clad optical.
Gaeta school of applied and engineering physics, cornell. We developed an alternative configuration of simplified brillouin optical correlationdomain reflectometry, which can overcome the drawbacks of the original configuration. Botdr uses brillouin scattering in optical fibers, whose brillouin frequency shift increases in. Trends in stimulated brillouin scattering and optical. After a brief overview of the theoretical principles, some works to face the two main technical challenges large dynamic range and higher spatial resolution are commented. They are predestinated for gas and liquid sensing applications since the. The small crosssection and large aspect ratio of the fiber provide an inherently lightcoupled substrate that is uniquely suited to remote, in vivo and in situ applications. We report brillouin lasing in an integrated liquidcore optical fiber filled with neat cs2. We report on brillouin opticalfiber time domain reflectometry botdr for distributed temperature or strain measurement along a singlemode optical fiber.
We believe that this method can also be used to enhance the weak brillouin scattering signal in polymer optical fibers for its. Backward stimulated brillouin scattering in airfilled hollowcore fiber flavien gyger, epfl, switzerland th11. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed. Y2o3sio2 and al2o3sio2 systems show liquidliquid immiscibility in the melt that. An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. This is the first observation of brillouin lasing in an optical fiber filled with a liquid. The optical phase conjugation aspect of the sbs process was discovered by boris yakovlevich zeldovich et al. This thesis is not a core contribution to the physics of amorphous solids. Optical amplifiers are important in optical communication and laser physics. This report is based on the results of the second international workshop on stimulated brillouin scattering and phase conjugation held in potsdamgermany in september 2007.
Efficient frequency generation in phoxonic cavities based. We report on brillouin optical fiber time domain reflectometry botdr for distributed temperature or strain measurement along a singlemode optical fiber. Experimental analysis of translucent concrete by using optical fibers. Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers. Allfiber highpower 1700 nm femtosecond laser based on optical parametric chirpedpulse amplification. Supradeepa ofs laboratories, 19 schoolhouse road, suite 105, somerset, nj 08873, usa. The threshold, reflectivity, pulseshape ps fidelity, and phaseconjugation pc fidelity of lcofs with different core diameters and lengths are measured. Raman lasing, amplification and beam cleanup in the 35 m wavelength. Conventional optical fibers, such as standard telecommunications singlemode fibers, have been successfully used in these applications, and most typically in the time domain, such as. Enhancement of brillouin scattering signal in optical fibers by use of pulsed pump light. We report on nonlinear optical effects on phoxonic cavities based on hollow whispering gallery mode resonators pumped with a continuous wave laser.
We report brillouin lasing in an integrated liquid core optical fiber filled with neat cs 2. Enhancement of brillouin scattering signal in optical fibers. Low brillouin scattering optical fibers and formation. Liquid photonics, where nonlinear optical liquids are used together with hollow core optical fibers to achieve a variety of advance photonic functions including ultralowpower raman generation, all optical switching and brillouin lasing. A procedure for measuring the temperature in the core of an active fiber at a highpower optical pumping is described. Started from the basic principle of brillouin scattering in optical fibers, the basic mechanism of brillouin based distributed. Integrated liquidcore optical fibers smf28lcof smf28smf28 low insertion loss pdf linewidth of an optical source are well known methods to suppress stimulated brillouin scattering sbs in optical fibers. Soon faculty of engineering multimedia university cyberjaya 63100, selangor, malaysia. Botdr uses brillouin scattering in optical fibers, whose brillouin frequency shift increases in proportion to temperature or strain induced in the fiber. The procedure is based on using a cavity of the optical fiber laser as one of the arms of the machzehnder interferometer with subsequent spectral filtering of the probe light.
One reason of this success is that brillouin effect can be used in long transducers hundreds of kilometers made of standard monomode telecommunication optical fibers, since the brillouin frequency shift is about 1011 ghz at 1550 nm. The precursor core materials and the clad materials are selected such that that the photoelastic constants of at least one precursor core material and the clad material are of opposite sign resulting in a final glass optical fiber of tailored brillouin performance. Nonlinear stimulated brillouin scattering in a singlemode optical fiber. Pdf nonlinear stimulated brillouin scattering in a. Stimulated brillouin scattering with high reflectivity and.
Osa integrated liquidcore optical fibers for ultraefficient nonlinear. The bfs has linear dependence on the geo 2 concentration in the fibers core. Fiber optic distributed strain and temperature sensors measure strain and temperature over very long distances and are an excellent tool for monitoring the health of large structures. Liquid core optical fibers provide a unique platform for nonlinear photonics. Yukun qin, orkhongua batjargal, benjamin cromey, and khanh kieu. Fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers based on stimulated.
This is the first observation of brillouin lasing in an optical fiber filled with a liquid, to the best of our knowledge. Tunable alloptical delays via stimulated brillouin. Brillouin light scattering from surface acoustic waves in. Brillouin scattering in optical fibers and its application to. Osa integrated liquidcore optical fibers for ultra. Brillouin optomechanics in nanophotonic structures.
The basic difference between them is that in the case of brillouin the. Nov 01, 1972 optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated raman and brillouin scattering. Stimulated brillouin scattering slow light in optical fibers. It has a central core in which the light is guided, embedded in an outer cladding of slightly lower refractive index. Efficient frequency generation in phoxonic cavities based on. Oct 09, 2014 the core component includes one or more precursor core materials. Tunable alloptical delays via brillouin slow light in an optical fiber yoshitomo okawachi, jay e. Experimental analysis of translucent concrete by using. We have presented an essential overview of brillouin scattering in optical fibers and brillouin based distributed optical fiber sensors. The fundamentals and applications of sbs derived from these pioneer experiments impacted various research fields.
Integrated measurements over 100 meters of fiber clearly distinguish. An example of this dependence for a standard single mode fiber smf is shown in figure 1. Osa stimulated brillouin scattering in optical fibers. We report brillouin lasing in an integrated liquid core optical fiber filled with neat cs2. Novel optical fibers for brillouinbased distributed sensing. Forward brillouin scattering in hollowcore photonic. Intensity considerations in liquid core optical fiber. Scarcelli g, kling s, quijano e, pineda r, marcos s, yun sh. Intensity considerations in liquid core optical fiber raman. For brillouin scattering in fibers, the effective refractive index must be used. Stimulated brillouin scattering in optical fibers pdf linewidth of an optical source are well known methods to suppress stimulated brillouin scattering sbs in optical fibers. The platform is created by fusion splicing liquid core optical fiber to standard. An overview on current trends in stimulated brillouin scattering and optical phase conjugation is given.
Brillouin scattering in optical fibres is a fundamental interaction between light and sound with important. Reduction in sbs power requirements involves use of optical fibers, integrated optics, microoptic devices, and now nanooptics, often in high q cavities. Then an overview of some real and onfield applications is done. Photonics dictionary liquid core optical fiber multimode straight fiber capable of transporting linearly polarized light with any incident polarization angle, and in which no form of internal stress can develop that could lead to birefringence. By integrating a single fiberoptic cable into soil or a geotechnical work, a large number of accurate, spatially resolved data can be obtained. The pronounced nonlinearity of the phase dependence on the absorbed pump power has been detected. Fiber optic components are developed via splicing, cleaving, fusing, polishing, etching and. Here, we provide a detailed overview of brillouin scattering in integrated waveguides and resonators, covering key concepts such as the stimulation of the brillouin process, in which the optical. Brillouin scattering in optical fibers and its application. We present a detailed overview of stimulated brillouin scattering sbs in singlemode optical fibers. Stimulated brillouin scattering slow light in optical fibers avi zadok,1, avishay eyal,2 and moshe tur2 1school of engineering, barilan university, ramatgan 52900, israel 2school of electrical engineering, faculty of engineering, telaviv university, telaviv 69978, israel. The platform is created by fusion splicing liquid core optical fiber to standard singlemode optical fiber making it fully integrated and practical a major challenge that has greatly hindered progress in liquid photonic applications. Brillouin frequency shift dependence on water absorption in plastic optical fibers.
Finally, we relate the measured and calculated couplings to the noise properties of the fiber as the foundation for phase and polarizationnoise estimates in hollow core fiber. Standard optical fibers are designed to guide a single optical mode at the inner core. Apn0008 applications of fiber optic distributed strain and. This system uses, as reference light, the light that is fresnel reflected at a partial reflection point artificially produced near an optical circulator. Brillouin fiber laser using nonlinear birefringent. Highquality and controllable hollow beam generation by a. Stimulated brillouin scattering in optical fibers pdf. By integrating a single fiber optic cable into soil or a geotechnical work, a large number of accurate, spatially resolved data can be obtained. A particular emphasis is given to analytical calculation of the backreflected power and sbs threshold sbst in optical fibers with various index profiles. Integrated liquid core optical fibers smf28lcof smf28smf28 low insertion loss optical switching supercontinuum geneation brillouin lasing. Forward brillouin scattering in hollowcore photonic bandgap fibers.
Analysis of forward stimulated brillouin scattering in coated fibers surrounded by liquid. Highquality and controllable hollow beams with a cs 2 filled lcof have been successfully generated in experiment for the first time. Brillouin cavity optomechanics with microfluidic devices. Choudhury institute of microengineering and nanoelectronics imen universiti kebangsaan malaysia 43600 ukm, bangi, selangor, malaysia w. Conventional optical fibers, such as standard telecommunications singlemode fibers, have. Brillouin scattering can also be employed to sense mechanical strain and temperature in optical fibers. Integrated hollowcore fibers for nonlinear optofluidic applications. Brillouin light scattering from surface acoustic waves in a. Investigation of brillouin effects in smallcore holey optical fiber. Osa brillouin lasing in integrated liquidcore optical fibers. Increasing the launched pump power up to 200 mw, we have obtained cascaded sbs up to the 4 th order in a mbr of diameter about 675. The core component includes one or more precursor core materials.
Investigation of brillouin effects in smallcore holey. Stimulated brillouin scattering in silicabased optical fibers may be considered from two different and. Pdf we predict and experimentally observe a nonlinear variant of stimulated brillouin scattering in a singlemode fiber that. The effect of stimulated raman and brillouin scattering on the power handling capacity of optical fibers is considered and found to be important especially when low loss optical fibers are used.